Around 75% of women worldwide experience at least one episode of vaginal yeast infection in their lifetime. Vaginal yeast infections are a common health problem that are not usually severe, however, can cause irritation. 

While these infections are easy to treat, recurring yeast infections may require more intensive and long-term treatment plans. Here is a breakdown of everything you need to know about yeast infections. Read ahead to learn a detailed insight into this condition. 

What is Vaginal Yeast Infection? 

A vaginal yeast infection, also called vaginal candidiasis, is a benign disease caused by an overgrowth of Candida, typically Candida albicans. The vagina is home to a specific combination of yeast and bacteria. When this balance is disturbed, yeast multiply rapidly, leading to their overgrowth and symptoms such as relentless itching, irritation, and abnormal secretions. 

Yeast infections aren’t classified as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), though sexual activity can sometimes contribute to their development. However, the infection can be the result of several other factors that destroy the vaginal flora.

 Causes of Vaginal Yeast Infection 

The following are the key factors that trigger yeast infections:

• Antibiotics: Broad-spectrum antibiotics lead to the destruction of both healthy and unhealthy vaginal bacterial populations. The growth of yeast becomes uncontrolled when lactobacillus levels are low.
• Pregnancy: The hormonal changes of pregnancy will raise vaginal glycogen levels. The vaginal yeast feeds on this glycogen.
• Diabetes: Uncontrolled blood sugar level encourages yeast multiplication in the body.
• Weakened Immune System: Conditions like human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), autoimmune disorders, or immune-suppressing medications (e.g., corticosteroids) make it difficult for the body to control yeast.
• Hormonal Contraceptives: The use of birth control pills and hormone therapy containing high levels of estrogen tends to cause yeast overgrowth.
• Non-breathable clothing: The use of non-breathable tight clothing creates an environment where yeast can thrive because it traps both heat and moisture.
• High Sugar Intake: Consuming high amounts of sugar fuels yeast multiplication in the body.
• Stress and Lack of Sleep: The immune system becomes weaker when a person experiences stress or sleep deprivation.

Risk Factors of Vaginal Yeast Infection

Certain groups of people are more susceptible to yeast infections:

• People taking antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum ones.
• Pregnant women.
• People using hormonal birth control.
• People with diabetes, especially if it’s poorly controlled.
• Immunocompromised people.
• People who frequently wear tight, non-breathable clothing or stay in wet clothes (like swimsuits) for long periods of time.

 Symptoms of Vaginal Yeast Infection

Yeast infection symptoms can range from mild to severe. Common signs include:

• Intense itching in and around the vagina.
• A burning sensation during urination or sex.
• Redness, swelling, and irritation of the vulva.
• Soreness and pain in the vaginal area.
• Thick, white vaginal discharge with a texture resembling cottage cheese, typically odourless or mildly yeasty.
• Cracked skin, in severe cases, leads to rawness and discomfort.

The symptoms of yeast infections can overlap with other conditions, such as bacterial vaginosis (BV) or sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Thus, a proper diagnosis is crucial.

Diagnosis of Vaginal Yeast Infection

Healthcare providers typically diagnose yeast infections based on a pelvic exam and discussing symptoms. They may also take a sample of vaginal discharge for laboratory testing to confirm the species causing the symptoms.

 Treatment Options for Vaginal Yeast Infection

Treatment depends on the severity and frequency of the yeast infection. 

Simple Yeast infections

For mild to moderate cases, doctors often recommend a short course of antifungal treatments. Most people feel relief within a few days. However, if symptoms don’t improve, a follow-up visit is necessary. Common over-the-counter and prescription medications include:

• Butoconazole 
• Clotrimazole 
• Miconazole
• Terconazole 
• Fluconazole 

Complicated Yeast Infections

More severe or recurrent infections may require:

• Longer Treatment Courses: 7 to 14 days of topical antifungal therapy.
• Multiple Doses of Fluconazole: Typically taken every three days.
• Maintenance Therapy: Weekly fluconazole for six months or long-term topical antifungal use.
• Combination Therapy: Oral antifungal tablets alongside topical treatments.

 Prevention Tips for Vaginal Yeast Infection

While yeast infections aren’t always avoidable, here are some tips to reduce your risk:

• Choose cotton underwear that allows air circulation. Avoid tight synthetic fabrics.
• Switch your clothes immediately after workouts. Do not wear soaked clothes for too long. 
• Select products without fragrance when purchasing hygiene items.
• Practice good hygiene. 
• It is crucial to control the consumption of sugar.
• Consider probiotics either through diet or supplements to promote healthy vaginal flora.

Complications of Vaginal Yeast Infection

Although yeast infections aren’t dangerous, unresolved or neglected cases can lead to the following:

• Skin cracks and sores from excessive scratching.
• Secondary bacterial infections due to broken skin.
• Repetitive yeast infections create a state of permanent discomfort for the affected individual.
• In rare cases, yeast infections may spread to adjacent areas, including the mouth (oral thrush) and skin.

FAQs about Vaginal Yeast Infections

1. What causes yeast infections?

Yeast infections are mainly caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans, which naturally exists in the body. Still, they can multiply when the balance of bacteria and yeast is disrupted.

2. What are the common symptoms of a yeast infection?

Common symptoms of a yeast infection include:

• White, watery, or thick, chunky discharge (like cottage cheese).
• Itching and burning around the vagina and labia.
• Pain during sex or urination.
• Redness and swelling of the vulva.

3. How can you treat a yeast infection?

Antifungal treatments like creams, ointments, tablets, or vaginal suppositories usually clear yeast infections within 3 to 7 days.

4. How long does a yeast infection last?

Most infections improve within a few days of treatment. However, stopping too soon may cause it to return.

5. Can a yeast infection go away on its own?

Yeast infections do not usually go on their own. Most cases need antifungal medication to clear up.

Conclusion

Vaginal yeast infections are a common but manageable condition. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help you recognise an infection early and seek prompt treatment. For those experiencing frequent infections, it’s important to work with a healthcare provider to uncover any underlying issues and create a personalised prevention plan.Join DocTutorials to access comprehensive NEET PG courses, a huge question bank, engaging video lectures, mock tests, and personalised mentorship. If you’re preparing for the NEET PG exam or any medical exam, DocTutorials has got you covered.